Every residential tower carries a maintenance reserve bill that comes due around year twelve. Roof membrane, facade sealants, chiller compressors, elevator electronics. The cycles are predictable. The money is rarely there. Reserve fund math is not a property-management afterthought. It is a design output, calculated alongside the brief, and it decides whether the building still looks dignified at year fifteen.

A single mid-rise residential project produces roughly two thousand design clashes before the foundation is poured. BIM finds them while they are still cheap to fix. The discipline is not a software question. It is a decision about who knows what about the building, and when they know it. A short read on why BIM changes the math.